수능영어 24년 기출문제 23번
23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
Managers of natural resources typically face market incentives that provide financial rewards for exploitation. For example, owners of forest lands have a market incentive to cut down trees rather than manage the forest for carbon capture, wildlife habitat, flood protection, and other ecosystem services. These services provide the owner with no financial benefits, and thus are unlikely to influence management decisions. But the economic benefits provided by these services, based on their non-market values, may exceed the economic value of the timber. For example, a United Nations initiative has estimated that the economic benefits of ecosystem services provided by tropical forests, including climate regulation, water purification, and erosion prevention, are over three times greater per hectare than the market benefits. Thus cutting down the trees is economically inefficient, and markets are not sending the correct “signal” to favor ecosystem services over extractive uses. * exploitation: 이용 ** timber: 목재
① necessity of calculating the market values of ecosystem services
② significance of weighing forest resources’ non-market values
③ impact of using forest resources to maximize financial benefits
④ merits of balancing forests’ market and non-market values
⑤ ways of increasing the efficiency of managing natural resources
정답 : ②
자원 관리자는 일반적으로 착취에 대한 재정적 보상을 제공하는 시장 유인책에 직면해 있습니다. 예를 들어, 산림 토지의 소유자는 탄소 포집, 야생동물 서식지, 홍수 방지 및 기타 생태계 서비스와 같은 기능을 위한 산림 관리보다 나무를 베는 것에 대한 시장 유인을 가지고 있습니다. 이러한 서비스는 소유자에게 재정적 이익을 제공하지 않기 때문에 관리 결정에 영향을 미치기 어려운 것입니다. 그러나 이러한 서비스가 제공하는 경제적 이익은 비시장적 가치에 기반하여 목재의 경제적 가치를 초과할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 유엔의 한 이니셔티브는 열대 우림이 제공하는 생태계 서비스의 경제적 이익이 기후 조절, 수질 정화, 침식 방지 등을 포함하여 헥타르당 시장 이익의 세 배 이상이라고 추정했습니다. 따라서 나무를 베는 것은 경제적으로 비효율적이며, 시장은 생태계 서비스보다 자원을 추출하는 사용을 선호하는 올바른 "신호"를 보내지 않고 있습니다.
1. 문장 구조
문장은 복잡한 구조를 가지고 있으며, 여러 개의 주요 절과 부가 설명이 포함되어 있습니다. 주요 문장 구조는 다음과 같습니다:
- 주요 문장:
- Managers of natural resources typically face market incentives that provide financial rewards for exploitation.
- 주어: Managers of natural resources
- 서술어: face
- 목적어: market incentives
- 부사구: typically
- 형용사절: that provide financial rewards for exploitation
- Managers of natural resources typically face market incentives that provide financial rewards for exploitation.
- 예시:
- For example, owners of forest lands have a market incentive to cut down trees rather than manage the forest for carbon capture, wildlife habitat, flood protection, and other ecosystem services.
- 주어: owners of forest lands
- 서술어: have
- 목적어: a market incentive
- 부사구: For example
- 부사절: to cut down trees rather than manage the forest for carbon capture, wildlife habitat, flood protection, and other ecosystem services
- For example, owners of forest lands have a market incentive to cut down trees rather than manage the forest for carbon capture, wildlife habitat, flood protection, and other ecosystem services.
- 부가 설명:
- These services provide the owner with no financial benefits, and thus are unlikely to influence management decisions.
- 주어: These services
- 서술어: provide
- 목적어: the owner with no financial benefits
- 부사구: and thus are unlikely to influence management decisions
- These services provide the owner with no financial benefits, and thus are unlikely to influence management decisions.
- 경제적 이익과 비교:
- But the economic benefits provided by these services, based on their non-market values, may exceed the economic value of the timber.
- 주어: the economic benefits provided by these services
- 서술어: may exceed
- 목적어: the economic value of the timber
- 부사구: based on their non-market values
- But the economic benefits provided by these services, based on their non-market values, may exceed the economic value of the timber.
- 구체적 예시:
- For example, a United Nations initiative has estimated that the economic benefits of ecosystem services provided by tropical forests, including climate regulation, water purification, and erosion prevention, are over three times greater per hectare than the market benefits.
- 주어: a United Nations initiative
- 서술어: has estimated
- 목적어: that the economic benefits of ecosystem services provided by tropical forests are over three times greater per hectare than the market benefits
- 부사구: For example
- For example, a United Nations initiative has estimated that the economic benefits of ecosystem services provided by tropical forests, including climate regulation, water purification, and erosion prevention, are over three times greater per hectare than the market benefits.
- 결론:
- Thus cutting down the trees is economically inefficient, and markets are not sending the correct “signal” to favor ecosystem services over extractive uses.
- 주어: cutting down the trees
- 서술어: is economically inefficient
- 부사구: Thus
- 부가 설명: and markets are not sending the correct “signal” to favor ecosystem services over extractive uses
- Thus cutting down the trees is economically inefficient, and markets are not sending the correct “signal” to favor ecosystem services over extractive uses.
2. 알아야 할 단어 및 숙어
- Market incentives: 시장 유인책, 시장의 자극
- 예: "Market incentives drive companies to maximize profits."
- Exploitation: 착취, 자원의 남용
- 예: "The exploitation of natural resources can lead to environmental damage."
- Ecosystem services: 생태계 서비스, 자연이 제공하는 유익
- 예: "Ecosystem services include clean air, water, and soil fertility."
- Economic value: 경제적 가치
- 예: "The economic value of natural resources often outweighs their market price."
- Economically inefficient: 경제적으로 비효율적인
- 예: "Using resources in a way that depletes their long-term value is economically inefficient."
3. 알아야 할 문법
- 일반 현재 시제 (Simple Present Tense): 일반적인 사실이나 반복적인 행동을 설명할 때 사용합니다.
- 예: "Managers of natural resources typically face market incentives."
- 현재 완료 시제 (Present Perfect Tense): 과거에 시작된 동작이나 상태가 현재까지 영향을 미칠 때 사용합니다.
- 예: "A United Nations initiative has estimated that..."
- 부사절 (Adverbial Clause): 이유, 시간, 조건 등을 설명하는 절로, 문장에 추가 정보를 제공합니다.
- 예: "Thus cutting down the trees is economically inefficient..."
- 비교급 (Comparative Degree): 두 가지를 비교할 때 사용합니다.
- 예: "Are over three times greater per hectare than the market benefits."